Digital Radiography

After completing this course, you will be able to:

1. List the effects of finger/thumb-sucking habits.
2. Describe the etiology and management of buccal segment problems, such as retained primary tooth, intra-occluded primary molars, posterior crossbite with mandibular displacement, etc.
3. Describe the etiology and management of labial segment problems, such as upper median diastema, dilaceration, retained primary incisor, etc.
4. Describe the etiology, detection and management of ectopic maxillary canines.
5. Provide some basic guidelines for treatment of crowding in Class I cases.
6. Define crossbite, classify it into buccal and lingual, describe its etiology and indicate the need for treatment.
7. Define anterior open bite, provide its etiology and suggest various treatments.
8. List 4 active components of removable appliances and their characteristics.
9. Provide indications for fixed appliances.
10. List various fixed appliance types and describe their applications.
11. List various special considerations in adult orthodontics and explain how these affect the course of treatment.
12. Identify various surgical procedures involving maxilla and mandible in the orthodontic management of adults.
13. Describe the pre- and postsurgical orthodontics in adults.
14. Describe common clinical features of the cleft lip and palate.
15. Describe the clinical features and possible effects of natal/neonatal teeth.
16. Describe the etiology, clinical features and management of nursing caries.
17. List the extrinsic and intrinsic factors involved in tooth discoloration.
18. Describe the etiology and management of enamel hypoplasia and fluorosis.
19. List the clinical features of three main types of enamel anomaly.
20. Distinguish between the clinical features of hyperdontia and hypodontia.
21. List the dietary and gastric regurgitation factors that lead to tooth surface loss.
22. Describe the management of primary tooth trauma.
23. Describe the management of permanent tooth trauma I and II, including reattachment of crown fragments, total or sub-total pulpotomy, induced apical closure, periodontal ligament injuries and dentoalveolar fractures.
24. Classify permanent tooth trauma III into internal resorption, external resorption and replacement resorption.
25. Describe the clinical features of the following medical conditions: down syndrome, childhood cancer, congenital cardiac disease and bleeding disorders.
26. Describe the diagnosis of the following viral infections: primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, secondary (recurrent) herpes labialis, ocular herpes, herpes zoster and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
27. Describe the etiology, diagnosis and management of gingivitis.
28. Provide classification of gingival overgrowth (localized gingival hyperplasia, drug-induced gingival overgrowth and hereditary gingival fibromatosis) and describe their management.
29. Describe the etiology, diagnosis and management of mucosal disease: granulomas, traumatic lesions I and traumatic lesions II.
30. Describe the etiology, diagnosis and management of assorted mucosal lesions: geographic tongue, lichen planus, orofacial granulomatosis, pericoronitis, denture stomatits, infective papilloma, and periapical infection.