Anatomy of Facial and Oral Structures

Contents

1. Anatomy of Facial and Oral Structures

Introduction to Anatomy

Basic Terminology

  • General Reference Terms
  • Body Planes

Anatomical Terminology

  • Body Components
  • Terms of Position
  • Planes
  • Bony Elevations
  • Bone Depressions and Channels
  • Joints
  • Muscles

Bony Anatomy of the Head

Overview

  • Cranial Bones
  • Facial Bones

Cranial and Facial Bones of Primary Interest in Prosthetic Dentistry 

  • Cranial Bones of Primary Interest
  • Facial Bones of Primary Interest

Particular Features of Cranial and Facial Bones

  • Frontal Bone
  • Parietal Bones
  • Temporal Bones
  • Sphenoid Bone

Maxilla

Palatine Bones

Zygomatic Bone

The Mandible

The Hyoid Bone

The Muscles of Mastication and Depressors of the Mandible

Overview

Muscles of Mastication

  • Masseter 
  • Temporal 
  • Internal Pterygoid 
  •  External Pterygoid

Depressor Muscles

  • Mylohyoid Muscle Attachments Sites
  • Geniohyoid Muscle Attachment Sites
  • Digastric Muscle Attachment Sites

Facial Expression Muscles

Overview

Muscles of Facial Expression

  • Orbicularis Oris
  • Quadrates Labii Superioris Muscle
  • Zygomaticus Muscle
  • Caninus Muscle
  • Risorius Muscle
  • Quadrates Labii Inferioris Muscle
  • Triangularis Muscle
  • Mentalis Muscle
  • Buccinator Muscle

Intraoral Soft Tissue Anatomy

General Overview

Mucous Membrane

  • Mucous Membrane of the Alveolar Process  
  • Mucous Membrane of the Hard Palate

Vestibule 

Upper Jaw

  • Alveolar Process 
  • Alveolar Ridge 
  • Maxillary Tuberosity 
  • Hamular Notch
  • Palate
  • Incisive Papilla 
  • Rugae
  • Median Palatine Raphe
  • Vibrating Line
  • Palatine Fovea
  • Labial Frenum
  • Buccal Frenum
  • Sulci

Lower Jaw

  • Alveolar Process
  • Retromolar Pad
  • Buccal Shelf
  • Mental Foramen
  • Frena
  • Sulci
  • Floor of the Mouth

The Tongue

  • Intrinsic Muscles
  • Extrinsic Muscles

Salivary Glands

  • Major Salivary Glands
  • Minor Salivary Glands

 

The Temporomandibular Joint

Overview

Temporamandibular Joint Structure

  • Glenoid Fossa
  • Articular Eminence
  • Condyle
  • Articular Disc
  • Synovial Cavities
  • Synovial Membrane and Associated Synovial Fluid
  • Capsule
  • Auxiliary Ligaments

Basic Mandibular Movements

  • Opening and Closing
  • Protrusion and Retrusion
  • Right and Left Lateral

2. Dental (Tooth) Anatomy

Terminology

Groups of Teeth

  • Maxillary or Mandibular
  • Right or Left
  • Anteriors or Posteriors

Names of Teeth

  • Anteriors   
  • Posteriors

Number Substitutes for Names of Teeth   

Structure of the Teeth and Supporting Tissues 

  • Teeth   
  • Supporting Structures of the Teeth

Crown Morphology (Contours)

  • Tooth Surfaces
  • Distinctive Crown Convexities and Concavities

Proximal Surface Contact Characteristics

  • Contact Points or Areas
  • Embrasure

Occlusal Surface Outlines of Posterior Teeth

  • Circular Rounded in Outline
  • Rectangular
  • Trapezoid
  • Rhomboidal

Descriptions of Individual Teeth

Overview 

Maxillary Central Incisor 

Maxillary Lateral Incisor 

Maxillary Cuspid  

Maxillary First Bicuspid  

Maxillary Second Bicuspid   

Maxillary First Molar 

Maxillary Second Molar 

Mandibular Central Incisor 

Mandibular Lateral Incisor 

Mandibular Cuspid  

Mandibular First Bicuspid 

Mandibular Second Bicuspid 

Mandibular First Molar 

Mandibular Second Molar

Learning Objectives

After completing the course, you’ll be able to:

Anatomy of Facial and Oral Structures

  1. Define general reference terms (anterior and posterior, internal and external) and body planes (sagittal, frontal, transverse).
  2. Identify cranial and facial bones of the skull.
  3. Describe particular features of cranial and facial bones.
  4. Identify various bones and processes of the maxilla and mandible.
  5. Provide an overview of the muscles of mastication and depressor muscles of the mandible.
  6. Identify muscles of facial expression.
  7. Provide a general overview of the intraoral soft tissue anatomy.
  8. List the two muscle groups which make up the tongue and describe their respective functions.
  9. Identify major and minor salivary glands, their locations in the mouth and duct openings.
  10. Describe the temporomandibular joint structure and various basic mandibular movements.

Dental (Tooth) Anatomy

  1. Classify teeth into various groups.
  2. Provide numerical substitutes for names of teeth.
  3. Describe the structure of the teeth and supporting tissues.
  4. Distinguish between the gingiva and attached gingiva.
  5. Distinguish between various surfaces of a tooth.
  6. Name the coronal features of teeth.
  7. Identify proximal surface contact characteristics.
  8. Define contact points or areas and embrasure.
  9. Distinguish among occlusal surface outlines of posterior teeth.
  10. Describe each individual tooth.

To assess the effectiveness of the course material, we ask that you evaluate your achievement of each learning objective on a scale of A to D (A=excellent, B=good, C=fair, D=unsatisfactory). Please indicate your responses next to each learning objective and return it to us with your completed exam.