Chemical Dependency

1. Alcohol Abuse

v    Alcohol: What You Don’t Know Can Harm You

• Drinking and Driving

• Interactions With Medications

• Interpersonal Problems

• Alcohol-Related Birth Defects

• Long-Term Health Problems

• Research Directions

• Resources

v    Epidemiology of Alcoholism

• Alcohol Use and Abuse: Where Do the Numbers Come From?

• Conclusion

• References

v    Screening for Alcoholism

• Alcoholism-Screening Instruments

• Conclusion

• References

v    Moderate Drinking

• Definition of Moderate Drinking

• Benefits of Moderate Drinking

• Risks of Moderate Drinking

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcohol and Women

• Conclusion

• References

v   Are Women More Vulnerable to Alcohol’s Effects?

• Prevalence of Women’s Drinking

• Metabolism

• Consequences of Alcohol Use

• Risk Factors for Women’s Alcohol Use

• Conclusion

• References

v    Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• Conclusion

• References

v    Children of Alcoholics

• Children of Alcoholics: Important Facts Alcoholism affects the entire family

• Many people report being exposed to alcoholism in their families

• There is strong evidence that alcoholism tends to run in families

• Children of alcoholics are more at risk for alcoholism and other
  drug abuse than children of non-alcoholics

• Alcoholism usually has strong negative effects on marital relationships

• Alcoholism is associated with a substantial proportion of human violence,
  and perpetrators are often under the influence of alcohol

• Based on clinical observations and preliminary research, a relationship between parental alcoholism and child abuse is indicated in a large proportion of child abuse cases

• Children of alcoholics exhibit symptoms of depression and anxiety more than children of non-alcoholics

• Children of alcoholics experience greater physical and mental health problems and higher health care costs than children from non-alcoholic families

• Children of alcoholics score lower on tests measuring verbal ability

• Children of alcoholics often have difficulties in school

• Children of alcoholics have greater difficulty with abstraction and conceptual reasoning

• Children of alcoholics may benefit from adult efforts

• Children can be protected from many problems associated with growing up in an alcoholic family

• Maternal alcohol consumption during any time of pregnancy can cause alcohol-related birth defects or alcohol-related neurological deficits

• COA Resources Information

v    Children of Alcoholics: Are They Different?

• References

v    Alcohol and Minorities

• Medical Consequences and Alcohol-Related Trauma

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

• Genetic Influences

• Influence of Acculturation

• Identification and Treatment

• Prevention

• Conclusion

• References

v   Alcohol and the Workplace

• Factors Contributing to Employee Drinking

• Effects of Employee Drinking

• Conclusion

• References

v   Alcohol and Tobacco

• The Co-occurrence of Alcoholism and Smoking

• Why Are Alcohol and Tobacco Used Together?

• What Is the Risk of Cancer From Alcohol and Tobacco?

• How Do Alcohol and Tobacco Increase Cancer Risk?
  Addictions Treatment for Smoking Alcoholics

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcoholism and Co-occurring Disorders

• Medical Conditions

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcohol and Coronary Heart Disease

• Epidemiologic Evidence

• Is Alcohol’s Role Casual or Incidental?

• The Role of Beverage Choice

• How Might Alcohol Lower Risk for CHD

• Risk and Benefits

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcohol and the Liver

• The Normal Liver

• Alcoholic Liver Disease

• Extent of the Problem

• How Does Alcohol Damage the Liver

• Factors That Influence Vulnerability to ALD

• Treatment Effectiveness

• Prospects for Future Treatment

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcohol and Cancer

• What Is Cancer?

• Alcohol’s Link to Cancer

• Epidemiologic Research

• Mechanisms of Alcohol-Related Cancers

• Summary

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcohol and AIDS

• Alcohol and the Immune System

• Alcohol and Sexual Behavior

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcohol and Tolerance

• Functional Tolerance

• Metabolic Tolerance

• Tolerance and the Predisposition to Alcoholism

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcohol and Cognition

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcohol and Stress

• The Stress Response

• Does Stress Influence Drinking?

• Does Drinking Reduce or Induce Stress?

• Stress, Alcoholism, and Relapse

• Conclusion

• References

v   Alcohol and Sleep

• Sleep Structure, Onset, and Arousal

• Alcohol and Sleep in Those Without Alcoholism

• Alcohol and Breathing Disorders

• Age-Related Effects and the Impact of Drinking

• Effects of Alcohol on Sleep in Those With Alcoholism

• Conclusion

• References

v    Alcohol and Aging

• Drinking Prevalence and Patterns Among the Elderly

• Combined Effects of Alcohol and Aging

• Does Aging Increase Sensitivity to Alcohol?

• Aging, Alcohol, and the Brain

• Treatment of Alcoholism in the Elderly

• Conclusion

• References

2. Drug Abuse

v    Drug Awareness Quiz

• Answers to the Drug Awareness Quiz

v   A Self-Test for Cocaine Addiction

v   Tell-Tale Signs of Drug Abuse

v   Drug Use in America

v   Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs in the Workplace

v   Why Worry About Drugs and Alcohol in the Workplace

• What is substance abuse?

• Does it threaten jobs?

• What are the signs of abuse?

• How can it be prevented?

• What can you do?

• Substance Abuse Prevention In the Workplace

v    Sex Under the Influence of Alcohol and Other Drugs

v    Violence and Crime & Alcohol and Other Drugs

v    Domestic Violence & Alcohol and Other Drugs

v    Cocaine Abuse and Addiction

• What is cocaine?

• What is crack?

• What is the scope of cocaine use in the United States?

• How is cocaine used?

• How does cocaine produce effects?

• What are the short-term effects of cocaine use?

• What are the long-term effects of cocaine use?

• What are the medical complications of cocaine abuse?

• Are cocaine abusers at risk for contracting HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and C?

• What is the effect of maternal cocaine use?

• What treatments are effective for cocaine abusers?

• Where can I get further scientific information about cocaine addiction?

• Glossary

• References

v    Heroin Abuse in the United States

• Description of Heroin and Effects of Use

• Prevalence of Heroin Use

• Characteristics of Heroin Users

• Patterns of Use

• Trends in Heroin Use

• References

v   Methamphetamine

• Pharmacology

• Use

v   Marijuana

• Pharmacology Use

• Availability

v    Dangerous Drugs

v    Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

v   MDMA (Ecstasy)

v   Phencyclidine (PCP)

v    Ketamine

v    Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

v   Methylphenidate (Ritalin®)

v    Steroids

v    Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol®)

v    Inhalants

v    Resources

3. Drug Addiction Treatment

v    Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment

• Preface

• Principles of Effective Treatment

• Reviewers

• Resources

v   Frequently Asked Questions

• What is drug addiction treatment?

• Why can’t drug addicts quit on their own?

• How effective is drug addiction treatment?

• How long does drug addiction treatment usually last?

• What helps people stay in treatment?

• Is the use of medications like methadone simply replacing one drug addiction with another?

• What role can the criminal justice system play in the treatment of drug addiction?

• How does drug addiction treatment help reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases?

• Where do -step or self-help programs fit into drug addiction treatment?

• How can families and friends make a difference in the life of someone needing treatment?

• Is drug addiction treatment worth its cost?

v    Drug Addiction Treatment in the United States

• Behavioral Change Through Treatment

• General Categories of Treatment Programs

• Treating Criminal Justice-Involved Drug Abusers and Addicts

• Prison-based treatment programs

• Community-based treatment for criminal justice populations

v  Scientifically Based Approaches to Drug Addiction Treatment

• Relapse Prevention

• Supportive-Expressive Psychotherapy

• Individualized Drug Counseling

• Motivational Enhancement Therapy

• Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents

• Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT) for Adolescents
  Multisystemic Therapy (MSP)

• Combined Behavioral and Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Nicotine Addiction

• Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) Plus Vouchers

• Voucher-Based Reinforcement Therapy in Methadone Maintenance

• Treatment

• Day Treatment With Abstinence Contingencies and Vouchers

• The Matrix Model

v   Rate and Duration for Drug Activity Play Major Roles in Drug Abuse, Addiction, and Treatment Rate of Action

• Why Does Rate of Action Affect the Brain?

• Method of Drug Administration Affects Rate of Action

• Duration of Action

• Developing a Cocaine Treatment Medication

• How Does Method of Administration Influence Rate of Action?

• Sources

v    Treatment Methods for Women

• Understanding Women Who Use Drugs

• Consequences of Drug Use for Women

• Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS

• Treatment for Women

• Extent of Use

v   Lessons from Prevention Research

v  Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Treatment

• Four Common Types of Drug Abuse Treatment

• Highlights From the Study

• Keeping Patients in Treatment

• Sources

v    Brief Intervention for Alcohol Problems Screening for Alcohol Problems

• Common Elements of Brief Intervention

• Feedback of person risk Responsibility of the patient

• Advice to change Menu of ways to reduce drinking Empathetic counseling style Self-efficacy or optimism of the patient

• Establishing a drinking goal

• Follow-up

• Timing

• Effectiveness of Brief Intervention

• For non-alcohol-dependent patients

• For alcohol-dependent patients

• Conclusion

• References