Learning Objectives
- Evaluate the malocclusions that can be treated with removable orthodontic appliances.
- Understand the uses of removable orthodontic appliances.
- Explain the use of the basic instruments necessary for the construction or removable orthodontic appliances.
- Describe the basic wires used for removable orthodontic treatment.
- Understand the significance of the different wire sizes used for removable orthodontic appliances.
- Define the terms “active” and “passive” orthodontic therapy.
- List the three specific parts of a removable orthodontic appliance.
- Describe the three purposes of the baseplate of a removable orthodontic appliance.
- Explain how the baseplate of a removable orthodontic appliance can act as the active element of the appliance.
- Define the term “anchorage” as it applies to removable orthodontic appliance therapy.
- Discuss the primary anchorage of a maxillary removable orthodontic appliance
- Explain the two reasons why it is best to cover the entire palate on a maxillary removable orthodontic appliance
- Describe how best to take a maxillary impression on a patient that has a sensitive “gag” reflex
- Discuss why the lower baseplate of a removable orthodontic appliance presents special problems to the clinician
- Explain how the clinician can overcome the problem of lingual undercuts during the construction of a lower removable orthodontic appliance
- List the types of retentive clasps used for removable orthodontic appliance therapy
- Describe the most commonly used clasp for retention of removable orthodontic appliances
- Understand the actions of removable orthodontic appliances
- List the three different types of springs used in removable orthodontic appliance therapy
- Differentiate between the “active” and “passive” uses of the Hawley removable orthodontic appliance
- List the two main “free-ended” springs used in removable orthodontic appliances
- Discuss the range of potential activity of the helical coil spring
- Describe the physical properties of wires used in removable orthodontic appliances
- Understand the mechanics of action and the vectors of force when using various finger springs of a removable orthodontic appliance
- Explain the evolution of fixed orthodontic appliances
- Explain the use of the basic instruments used for fixed orthodontic appliances
- Describe how to use the various banding instruments
- Discuss the three principal components of fixed orthodontic appliances
- Understand the purposes of a tight-fitting orthodontic band
- Explain the technique utilized in proper orthodontic band placement
- Describe the proper positioning of a posterior orthodontic band
- Define the term “k” distance as it pertains to orthodontic bracket positioning
- Explain the term “edgewise” as it pertains to a popular fixed orthodontic appliance
- Describe the various “attachments” that can be welded or soldered to an orthodontic band
- Differentiate the various bracket slot sizes used in the edgewise appliance
- Differentiate between the use of a single edgewise bracket and a twin edgewise bracket
- Understand the advantages and disadvantages of the bonding system and the traditional banding techniques
- Describe the different types of tubes and sizes used on orthodontic molar bands
- List the various auxiliaries that can be attached to orthodontic bands
- Explain the four basic requirements of orthodontic wires
- List the four types of metal alloys used in orthodontic wires for fixed appliance therapy, and the advantages of each
- Explain the various shapes of orthodontic wires used in fixed appliance therapy
- Describe the difference between continuous and segmented arch wires and how they are used in fixed appliance therapy
- Define the term “anchorage” as it relates to tooth movement
- List the five objectives of early orthodontic treatment
- Describe Brodie’s theory of a child’s growth pattern
- Explain some of the extrinsic factors that create functional interferences of the occlusion during growth
- Differentiate between “transient” and “incipient” malocclusions, and give examples of each
- Understand the three basic types of orthodontic treatment, and how they relate to the various stages of dental development
- List the “trident” of habit factors
- Know at what age a child should stop his or her prolonged thumb sucking habit before permanent damage occurs to the dentition
- Describe the appliance therapy used to discourage a prolonged thumb sucking habit
- Explain what is considered to be a typical “thumb sucking malocclusion”
- Differentiate between “infantile” and “somatic” swallowing patterns
- Describe the appliance therapy used to discourage a tongue thrusting problem
- Explain why proliferated adenoid tissue causes mouth breathing
- Explain why nasal breathing is important for health reasons
- Answer why the surgical removal of proliferated adenoid tissue is controversial
- List the two reasons that cause nasal obstruction,
- Understand the reasons for spacing between anterior teeth, and the orthodontic techniques to close these spaces
- Explain the controversy regarding the relationship between a midline diastema and an abnormal frenum attachment
- Describe the “ugly duckling” stage of dental development
- Evaluate the “eruption potential” with regard to root development
- Discuss the different methods utilized in performing a “frenectomy”
- List the advantages of using an electrosurgical technique in performing a “frenectomy”
- Describe the differences between a true skeletal Class III malocclusion and a Class III that is caused by an anterior mandibular displacement
- Discuss why the retention of the treatment of individual anterior and posterior cross bites is uncomplicated
- Discuss elastic therapy, and how it may be used in the treatment of individual posterior cross bites
- Know the relationship between a prolonged thumb sucking habit and a narrow maxillary complex
- Explain the activations of a quad helix appliance
- Understand why the quad helix appliance is “age dependent,” and how its use differs between the treatment of children and adult patients
- Define the term “rapid palatal expansion,” and the rational for using orthopedic appliances to expand the maxilla
- Differentiate between orthodontic and orthopedic forces
- Differentiate between a cervical-pull and a high-pull head gear, and when to utilize each appliance
- Describe a combination-pull head gear, and why it may be a more desirable appliance than a cervical or high-pull head gear
- Know what a chin cup appliance is, and the variations of this device
- Understand the evolution of orthopedic appliances
Course Contents
1 Principles of Removable Orthodontic Appliances
- Introduction
- Instrumentation
- Orthodontic Wires
- Acrylic and Wire Appliances
- Planning of Anchorage
- Retentive Clasps
- Action of Removable Orthodontic Appliances
- Mechanics of Action
- Vectors of Force
- References
2 Principles of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
- Introduction
- Instrumentation
- Components of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
- Anchorage
- References
3 Interceptive and Limited Orthodontic Techniques
- Introduction
- Objectives of Early Orthodontic Treatment
- Examples for Early Orthodontic Treatment
- References
4 Limited Corrective Orthodontic Techniques
- Anterior Space Closure
- Midline Diastema Closure
- Frenum Attachments
- Anterior Cross Bites
- Posterior Cross Bites
- Orthopedic Force Application
- References